{"id":3755,"date":"2026-01-09T12:00:12","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T11:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/?p=3755"},"modified":"2026-01-09T12:02:49","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T11:02:49","slug":"a-new-direction-for-therapeutic-keratopigmentation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/es\/a-new-direction-for-therapeutic-keratopigmentation\/","title":{"rendered":"A new direction for therapeutic keratopigmentation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><div class=\"flex flex-col items-center justify-center col-span-12 \">\n<p class=\"w-full text-gray-700 italic text-base\">A recently-updated textbook details major developments in therapeutic and cosmetic keratopigmentation, including superficial and intrastromal techniques<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flex flex-col items-center justify-center col-span-12 \">\n<div id=\"block-content\" class=\"w-full _blockContent_s7hzj_1 \">\n<p class=\"\">Corneal pigmentation, known since the ancient times of Galen and Aetius, has made a historical evolution towards the accomplishment of the solution to severe ocular deformations leading to cosmetic disability.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">Since those times, not much progress happened until the 20th century, beginning with Dr Samuel Lewis Ziegler in the US with his thesis to the American Ophthalmological Society and, later, with scientific studies performed in Alicante by myself and colleagues. This research led to a tremendous recent development in this surgical approach that is able to transform the life of severely disabled people due to cosmetic disabilities.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-3755 gallery-columns-1 gallery-size-large'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-rel=\"iLightbox[postimages]\" data-title=\"A new direction for therapeutic keratopigmentation\" data-caption=\"Figure 1. Patient suffered traumatic aniridia and severe visual disability. A combined procedure with a sulcus sutured lens and keratopigmentation was performed, associated to squint surgery, in a single session. Surgical result was optimal in terms of cosmetics. The glare associated to the aniridia totally disappeared and the patient reached a BCVA of 0.4.\" href='https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/A-new-direction-for-therapeutic-keratopigmentation.webp'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"851\" height=\"509\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/A-new-direction-for-therapeutic-keratopigmentation.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-3761\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27851%27%20height%3D%27509%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20851%20509%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27851%27%20height%3D%27509%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/A-new-direction-for-therapeutic-keratopigmentation.webp\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/A-new-direction-for-therapeutic-keratopigmentation-200x120.webp 200w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/A-new-direction-for-therapeutic-keratopigmentation-300x179.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/A-new-direction-for-therapeutic-keratopigmentation-400x239.webp 400w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/A-new-direction-for-therapeutic-keratopigmentation-600x359.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/A-new-direction-for-therapeutic-keratopigmentation-800x478.webp 800w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/A-new-direction-for-therapeutic-keratopigmentation.webp 851w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-3761'>\n\t\t\t\tFigure 1. Patient suffered traumatic aniridia and severe visual disability. A combined procedure with a sulcus sutured lens and keratopigmentation was performed, associated to squint surgery, in a single session. Surgical result was optimal in terms of cosmetics. The glare associated to the aniridia totally disappeared and the patient reached a BCVA of 0.4.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-rel=\"iLightbox[postimages]\" data-title=\"184a865b297307e8110ca2ebafdd7369a4ad9e40-980&#215;718\" data-caption=\"Figure 2A. The patient developed progressive iris atrophy with evolving diplopia and glare. Keratopigmentation was performed. Diplopia and glare were solved without major intraocular surgery, due to the limited endothelial cell count. High patient satisfaction was obtained.\" href='https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/184a865b297307e8110ca2ebafdd7369a4ad9e40-980x718-1.webp'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"980\" height=\"718\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/184a865b297307e8110ca2ebafdd7369a4ad9e40-980x718-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-3759\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27980%27%20height%3D%27718%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20980%20718%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27980%27%20height%3D%27718%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/184a865b297307e8110ca2ebafdd7369a4ad9e40-980x718-1.webp\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/184a865b297307e8110ca2ebafdd7369a4ad9e40-980x718-1-200x147.webp 200w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/184a865b297307e8110ca2ebafdd7369a4ad9e40-980x718-1-300x220.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/184a865b297307e8110ca2ebafdd7369a4ad9e40-980x718-1-400x293.webp 400w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/184a865b297307e8110ca2ebafdd7369a4ad9e40-980x718-1-600x440.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/184a865b297307e8110ca2ebafdd7369a4ad9e40-980x718-1-800x586.webp 800w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/184a865b297307e8110ca2ebafdd7369a4ad9e40-980x718-1.webp 980w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-3759'>\n\t\t\t\tFigure 2A. The patient developed progressive iris atrophy with evolving diplopia and glare. Keratopigmentation was performed. Diplopia and glare were solved without major intraocular surgery, due to the limited endothelial cell count. High patient satisfaction was obtained.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-rel=\"iLightbox[postimages]\" data-title=\"8ac22ca7a384fc43ba25e1ff86d3dbf90f755d5e-696&#215;568\" data-caption=\"Figure 2B. A close-up photo of the patient&#039;s progressive iris atrophy prior to keratopigmentation.\" href='https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/8ac22ca7a384fc43ba25e1ff86d3dbf90f755d5e-696x568-1.webp'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"696\" height=\"568\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/8ac22ca7a384fc43ba25e1ff86d3dbf90f755d5e-696x568-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-3757\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27696%27%20height%3D%27568%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20696%20568%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27696%27%20height%3D%27568%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/8ac22ca7a384fc43ba25e1ff86d3dbf90f755d5e-696x568-1.webp\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/8ac22ca7a384fc43ba25e1ff86d3dbf90f755d5e-696x568-1-200x163.webp 200w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/8ac22ca7a384fc43ba25e1ff86d3dbf90f755d5e-696x568-1-300x245.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/8ac22ca7a384fc43ba25e1ff86d3dbf90f755d5e-696x568-1-400x326.webp 400w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/8ac22ca7a384fc43ba25e1ff86d3dbf90f755d5e-696x568-1-600x490.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/8ac22ca7a384fc43ba25e1ff86d3dbf90f755d5e-696x568-1.webp 696w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-3757'>\n\t\t\t\tFigure 2B. A close-up photo of the patient&#8217;s progressive iris atrophy prior to keratopigmentation.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"mb-4 mt-3\">\n<div id=\"slideshow-slider-block\" class=\"m-auto max-w-screen-md\">\n<div class=\"animate-fade-out align-center relative flex w-full select-none justify-center\">\n<div class=\"relative flex flex-none items-center justify-center text-center\"><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Recently, I served as editor for the second edition of the book Text and Atlas on Corneal Pigmentation. This book was preceded by the success of the first edition and, 10 years later, incorporates the major developments that have been accomplished by this technique for the cosmetic corneal surgeon. Corneal pigmentation can be performed for cosmetic or therapeutic purposes,1\u00a0for functional disabilities such as aniridia, colobomas, Urrets-Zavala syndrome or albinism (Figures 1\u00a0and\u00a02).<\/p>\n<p>This method has been applied for the first time by my team for voluntary change of the natural colour of the eye. I first described cosmetic pigmentation in 2016 in a series of patients with a follow-up of several years.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div id=\"block-content\" class=\"w-full _blockContent_s7hzj_1\">\n<h2 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-2xl\">Keratopigmentation frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"block-content\" class=\"w-full _blockContent_s7hzj_1\">\n<h3 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-xl\"><strong>What is keratopigmentation and how is it used?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"block-content\" class=\"w-full _blockContent_s7hzj_1\">\n<p class=\"\">Keratopigmentation constitutes a well-developed group of\u00a0<strong>surgical techniques\u00a0<\/strong>used for cosmetic-therapeutic, cosmetic-functional and purely cosmetic purposes (cosmetic cornea).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"block-content\" class=\"w-full _blockContent_s7hzj_1\">\n<h3 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-xl\"><strong>Does keratopigmentation have applications beyond cosmetic eye colour changes?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"block-content\" class=\"w-full _blockContent_s7hzj_1\">\n<p class=\"\"><strong>Yes<\/strong>, there is scientific evidence in favour of the therapeutic indications.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"block-content\" class=\"w-full _blockContent_s7hzj_1\">\n<h3 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-xl\"><strong>Why is there controversy around keratopigmentation?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"block-content\" class=\"w-full _blockContent_s7hzj_1\">\n<p class=\"\">There are\u00a0<strong>purely cosmetic indications,<\/strong>\u00a0which are controversial and without long-term evidence of the outcomes. The\u00a0<strong>corneal pigments<\/strong>\u00a0used in keratopigmentation are still limited, and need to be to be further developed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\">Later on, the development of new pigments, new instruments and new techniques made intralamellar and superficial keratopigmentation sophisticated, flexible techniques to be applied in many therapeutic cases. While therapeutic keratopigmentation is indeed supported by a high number of consistent scientific publications,<sup class=\"text-inherit\">2-26<\/sup>\u00a0cosmetic keratopigmentation has not yet reached popularity.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">The changes in the composition and density of the pigments described keep this elective cosmetic corneal surgical approach controversial. Its controversial nature is heightened by medical-legal implications, as iris recognition is not possible in these eyes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">The new edition of this book focuses on different techniques used for corneal pigmentation, as well as the instruments used for therapeutic superficial keratopigmentation (and also for intralamellar dissection of the cornea). The superficial, intralamellar and combined techniques are described as well as those techniques combining other treatments or comorbidities such as glaucoma, squint and other oculoplastic abnormalities.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">My team\u2019s aim was to create a kind of encyclopaedic publication about this group of techniques. The book includes an atlas on experimental keratopigmentation to illustrate how the knowledge of the different surgical techniques has been accomplished, and shows examples of real cases of cosmetic-therapeutic, cosmetic-functional and purely cosmetic pigmentation (<strong>Figures 3<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>4<\/strong>), with their outcomes and comments made by the authors. Finally, a full list of references about the state of the art of corneal pigmentation is included, which brings together all the evidence that has been accomplished on this topic so far.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mb-4 mt-3\">\n<div id=\"slideshow-slider-block\" class=\"m-auto max-w-screen-md\">\n<div class=\"animate-fade-out align-center relative flex w-full select-none justify-center\">\n<div class=\"relative flex flex-none items-center justify-center text-center\">\n<div style=\"width: 1022px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.sanity.io\/images\/0vv8moc6\/ophtimeeurope\/6a9e5ed9dc4b288cd07080fb1bd208a70f9caeb4-1012x958.png?w=1012&amp;max-h=958&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload object-contain false\" title=\"Figure 3. An example of cosmetic keratopigmentation. The patient, a 46-year-old woman, was from central Europe and wanted blue eyes like most of her family members. Photos taken before (A) and 3 years after (B) the procedure.\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271012%27%20height%3D%27958%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201012%20958%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271012%27%20height%3D%27958%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.sanity.io\/images\/0vv8moc6\/ophtimeeurope\/6a9e5ed9dc4b288cd07080fb1bd208a70f9caeb4-1012x958.png?w=1012&amp;max-h=958&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format\" alt=\"Figure 3. An example of cosmetic keratopigmentation. The patient, a 46-year-old woman, was from central Europe and wanted blue eyes like most of her family members. Photos taken before (A) and 3 years after (B) the procedure.\" width=\"1012\" height=\"958\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 3.\u00a0The patient, a 46-year-old woman, was from central Europe and wanted blue eyes like most of her family members. Photos taken before\u00a0(A)\u00a0and 3 years after\u00a0(B)\u00a0the procedure.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"absolute top-1\/2 flex w-full -translate-y-1\/2 transform items-start justify-between px-3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"block-content\" class=\"w-full _blockContent_s7hzj_1\">\n<p class=\"\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3762\" style=\"width: 931px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/401dee44b5f3efc792cff199e74358a588daae18-1024x1138-1.webp\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3762\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-3762 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/401dee44b5f3efc792cff199e74358a588daae18-1024x1138-1-921x1024.webp\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/401dee44b5f3efc792cff199e74358a588daae18-1024x1138-1-921x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"921\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27921%27%20height%3D%271024%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20921%201024%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27921%27%20height%3D%271024%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/401dee44b5f3efc792cff199e74358a588daae18-1024x1138-1-200x222.webp 200w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/401dee44b5f3efc792cff199e74358a588daae18-1024x1138-1-270x300.webp 270w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/401dee44b5f3efc792cff199e74358a588daae18-1024x1138-1-400x445.webp 400w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/401dee44b5f3efc792cff199e74358a588daae18-1024x1138-1-600x667.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/401dee44b5f3efc792cff199e74358a588daae18-1024x1138-1-800x889.webp 800w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/401dee44b5f3efc792cff199e74358a588daae18-1024x1138-1-921x1024.webp 921w, https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/401dee44b5f3efc792cff199e74358a588daae18-1024x1138-1.webp 1024w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 921px) 100vw, 921px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3762\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4. Patient suffered no light perception, endotropia and a cosmetic imbalance of the cornea, due to a chronic epithelial defect after retinal detachment surgeries (A). Superficial keratopigmentation was performed with an excellent cosmetic appearance. Follow-up photo (B) was taken 3 years after the surgery. (All images courtesy of Jorge L. Ali\u00f3, MD, PhD, FEBOphth, FWCRS)<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"block-content\" class=\"w-full _blockContent_s7hzj_1 \">\n<p class=\"\">This research is useful for those corneal surgeons interested in entering this field as well as oculoplastic surgeons and those interested in modern corneal surgery. Further developments of this technique will be accomplished once the pigments are finally fully developed with the adequate CE mark and sanitary controls that guarantee their stability. The follow-up provided by the authors is over 18 years but long-term outcomes and complications, especially for purely cosmetic indications, are still lacking.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">A new area of corneal surgery has been developed. Substantial evidence supports its use for therapeutic purposes, new emerging pigments with the CE mark are appearing on the market and, finally, cosmetic indications will progress in the future once pigments and the test of time finally confirm the best indication for the benefit of the patients.<\/p>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"figure \">\n<div class=\"text-center\">\n<div class=\"relative flex flex-none items-center justify-center text-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload object-contain false\" title=\"An image showing which surgical techniques for keratopigmentation (KTP) are available in 2025. Superficial keratopigmentation techniques include superficial manual KTP (SMK) and superficial automated KTP (SAK). Intrastromal keratopigmentation techniques include manual intrastromal KTP (MIK) and femtosecond laser-assisted intrastromal KTP (FIK).\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.sanity.io\/images\/0vv8moc6\/ophtimeeurope\/d04a7f1f0e98c1832a87f8fbdb6aefd2191f2540-1598x1278.png?w=1598&amp;max-h=1278&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format\" alt=\"An image showing which surgical techniques for keratopigmentation (KTP) are available in 2025. Superficial keratopigmentation techniques include superficial manual KTP (SMK) and superficial automated KTP (SAK). Intrastromal keratopigmentation techniques include manual intrastromal KTP (MIK) and femtosecond laser-assisted intrastromal KTP (FIK).\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"top-&#091;-100%&#093; block w-&#091;1px&#093; overflow-hidden opacity-0 transition-opacity duration-500 ease-in-out\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload absolute inset-0 m-auto box-border max-h-&#091;0%&#093; max-w-&#091;0%&#093; border-&#091;3px&#093; border-solid border-white shadow-&#091;0px_0px_8px_rgba(0,0,0,0.3)&#093; transition duration-500 ease-in-out\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.sanity.io\/images\/0vv8moc6\/ophtimeeurope\/d04a7f1f0e98c1832a87f8fbdb6aefd2191f2540-1598x1278.png?fit=crop&amp;auto=format\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\">I would also like readers to know about a new scientific society which has been created under the auspices of the Keratopigmentation International Club (KPCI). This group has met in Alicante and Dubai, in 2024 and 2025, and is the first scientific society that will be active in professional communication and in the edition of the guidelines for the adequate professional use of the keratopigmentation techniques.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-xl\">References<\/h3>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">1. Ali\u00f3 JL, ed. Text and Atlas on Corneal Pigmentation. 2nd ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">2. D\u2019Oria F, Abu-Mustafa SK, Alio JL. Cosmetic change of the apparent color of the eye: a review on surgical alternatives, outcomes and complications. Ophthalmol Ther. 2022;11(2):465-477. doi:10.1007\/s40123-022-00458-2<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">3. Spitzer MS, Nessmann A, Wagner J, et al. Customized humanoptics silicone iris prosthesis in eyes with posttraumatic iris loss: outcomes and complications. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016;94(3):301-306. doi:10.1111\/aos.12946<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">4. Wolff J. Irisprothetik [Prosthetic iris devices]. Ophthalmologe. 2011;108(8):714-719. doi:10.1007\/s00347-011-2368-z<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">5. Galvis V, Tello A, Corrales MI. Postoperative results of cosmetic iris implants. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(10):1518-1526. doi:10.1016\/j.jcrs.2016.08.013<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">6. Mansour AM, Ahmed II, Eadie B, et al. Iritis, glaucoma and corneal decompensation associated with BrightOcular cosmetic iris implant. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100(8):1098-1101. doi:10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307295<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">7. Hoguet A, Ritterband D, Koplin R, et al. Serious ocular complications of cosmetic iris implants in 14 eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38(3):387-393. doi:10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.09.037<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">8. El Chehab H, Gatinel D, Baudouin C, et al. Complications of cosmetic iris implants: French series of 87 eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020;46(1):34-39. doi:10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000032<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">9. Park JH, Kim JY, Kim MJ, Tchah H. Efficacy and safety of combination treatment for oculodermal melanocytosis: surgical reduction and use of 532-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Cornea. 2014;33(8):832-837. doi:10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000159<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">10. Grimaldos Ruiz P. Photoablative cosmetic iridoplasty: effective, safe, and predictable-eye color change in 1176 eyes. Int Ophthalmol. 2021;41(4):1381-1393. doi:10.1007\/s10792-021-01693-5<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">11. Liu J, Korban S, Moster MR, Rh\u00e9aume MA, Wang Q. Bilateral severe iatrogenic pigmentary glaucoma following laser treatment for cosmetic iris color change. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2023;32:101927. Published 2023 Sep 17. doi:10.1016\/j.ajoc.2023.101927<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">12. Yildirim Y, Duzgun E, Kar T, et al. Evaluation of color-changing effect and complications after Nd:YAG laser application on iris surface. Med Sci Monit. 2016;22:107-114. Published 2016 Jan 11. doi:10.12659\/msm.895086<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">13. Ali\u00f3 JL, Rodriguez AE, El Bahrawy M, Angelov A, Zein G. Keratopigmentation to Change the apparent color of the human eye: a novel indication for corneal tattooing. Cornea. 2016;35(4):431-437. doi:10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000745<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">14. Ali\u00f3 JL, Amesty MA, Rodriguez A, El Bahrawy M. Text and Atlas on Corneal Pigmentation. Delhi: Jaypee; 2015.<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">15. D&#8217;Oria F, Alio JL, Rodriguez AE, Amesty MA, Abu-Mustafa SK. Cosmetic keratopigmentation in sighted eyes: medium- and long-term clinical evaluation. Cornea. 2021;40(3):327-333. doi:10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002417<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">16. Al-Shymali O, Rodriguez AE, Amesty MA, Alio JL. Superficial keratopigmentation: an alternative solution for patients with cosmetically or functionally impaired eyes. Cornea. 2019;38(1):54-61. doi:10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001753<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">17. Ali\u00f3 JL, Al-Shymali O, Amesty MA, Rodriguez AE. Keratopigmentation with micronised mineral pigments: complications and outcomes in a series of 234 eyes. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102(6):742-747. doi:10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310591.<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">18. Rodriguez AE, Amesty MA, El Bahrawy M, Rey S, Alio Del Barrio J, Alio JL. Superficial automated Keratopigmentation for Iris and Pupil Simulation Using Micronized Mineral Pigments and a New Puncturing Device: Experimental Study. Cornea. 2017;36(9):1069-1075. doi:10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001249<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">19. Amesty MA, Rodriguez AE, Hern\u00e1ndez E, De Miguel MP, Alio JL. Tolerance of Micronized Mineral Pigments for Intrastromal Keratopigmentation: A Histopathology and Immunopathology Experimental Study. Cornea. 2016;35(9):1199-1205. doi:10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000900<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">20. Amesty MA, Alio JL, Rodriguez AE. Corneal tolerance to micronised mineral pigments for keratopigmentation. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98(12):1756-1760. doi:10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305611<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">21. Ali\u00f3 JL, Rodriguez AE, Toffaha BT, Pi\u00f1ero DP, Moreno LJ. Femtosecond-assisted keratopigmentation for functional and cosmetic restoration in essential iris atrophy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(10):1744-1747. doi:10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.08.003<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">22. Ali\u00f3 JL, Rodriguez AE, Toffaha BT. Keratopigmentation (corneal tattooing) for the management of visual disabilities of the eye related to iris defects. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95(10):1397-1401. doi:10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300170<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">23. Sirerol B, Walewska-Szafran A, Alio JL, Klonowski P, Rodriguez AE. Tolerance and biocompatibility of micronized black pigment for keratopigmentation simulated pupil reconstruction. Cornea. 2011;30(3):344-350. doi:10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181eae251<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">24. Ali\u00f3 JL, Sirerol B, Walewska-Szafran A, Miranda M. Corneal tattooing (keratopigmentation) with new mineral micronised pigments to restore cosmetic appearance in severely impaired eyes. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94(2):245-249. doi:10.1136\/bjo.2008.149435.<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">25. Hashemian SJ, Roozdar S, Ali\u00f3 JL. Therapeutic Keratopigmentation: Cosmetic and Functional Outcomes. Ophthalmol Ther. 2025;14(5):1133-1145. doi:10.1007\/s40123-025-01131-0<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"pb-4 pt-2 text-sm\">26. Alafaleq M, Garrido J, Ferrari F. Femtosecond assisted keratopigmentation (FAK) with a 5-millimeter diameter aperture does not affect ocular examination. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2023;33(5):1898-1902. doi:10.1177\/11206721231158275<\/h6>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"figure \">\n<div class=\"text-center\">\n<div class=\"relative flex flex-none items-center justify-center text-center\"><strong>Jorge L. Ali\u00f3, MD, PhD, FEBOphth, FWCRS | E: jlalio@vissum.com<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\"><em>Ali\u00f3 is professor and chairman of ophthalmology, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain. He is the founder of Vissum Miranza, Alicante, and of the Jorge Ali\u00f3 Foundation for the Prevention of Blindness.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":140,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_glsr_average":0,"_glsr_ranking":0,"_glsr_reviews":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3755","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/140"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3755"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3755\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3755"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bluegreenmedical.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}